Published 2026-02-10 · Updated 2026-06-04 · 6 min read
How a cavity forms
A film of bacteria called dental plaque constantly forms on the tooth surface. When we eat sugars, these bacteria produce acids that dissolve minerals from the enamel.
Between acid attacks, saliva neutralises the environment and helps remineralisation. Decay appears when the balance tips, over time, towards demineralisation.
Frequency matters more than quantity
A dessert eaten at the end of a meal produces one acid attack. The same amount of sugar spread across five moments in the day produces five attacks, each with its own recovery period.
That is why reducing the number of sweet snacks is often more effective than reducing the total amount.
What works, in short
- brush twice a day for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste
- clean between the teeth daily
- drink water between meals instead of sweetened drinks
- attend regular check-ups so early lesions are found
What happens when decay is found early
Early lesions that have not yet formed a cavity can sometimes be stabilised with preventive measures and monitoring. Once a cavity forms, a restoration is needed.
This content is provided for general information and does not replace a dental consultation.
The information on this website is provided for information and education only and does not replace a consultation, a diagnosis or the personalised recommendation of a dentist.